Observatori-SGR and EUSOV principal investigator Esther Barbé (UAB-IBEI) has published a chapter in a volume edited by José Antonio Sanahuja and published by the Fundación Carolina.
Barbé’s chapter, titled “Sociedad internacional híbrida: gobernanza, solidarismo y soberanismo”, in a volume written in homage to Celestino del Arenal Moyúa titled “La sociedad internacional. Miradas iberoamericanas”, begins with her reflections on their academic and personal friendship and then provides an overview of del Arenal’s ideas on the dichotomy of the international community versus the international society. In sum, del Arenal assessed that the world is organised in an international society (defined by interests and rules) in evolution towards an international community (defined by shared values and identities), which Barbé indicates makes for a hybrid international society that exhibits traits both of community and of society.
In her chapter, Barbé then goes on to identify the existence of international orders, in the plural, coexisting and accounting for international society’s hybrid nature. These orders can be identified as the orders of governance, solidarity, and sovereignty, each with their own varying interpretations. At the end of the chapter, Barbé reflects on the state in which these three orders are found.