Observatory researcher Eduard Soler (UAB) published an open access article with Raffaella del Sarto (SAIS Europe) in Geopolitics. The article, titled “Regionalism and Alliances in the Middle East, 2011-2021: From a “Flash in the Pan” of Regional Cooperation to Liquid Alliances”, offers explanations as to why regional organisations did not, despite an initial period of activism, advance any durable form of regional cooperation. The analysis then moves to account for why government-driven, unstable and informal regional alignments, that included non-Arab parties, prevailed instead. The article comes as the latest output of the MENARA project and was based on fieldwork interviews.